Which substances are known to inhibit Taq polymerase during PCR?

In the context of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), Taq polymerase is a DNA polymerase enzyme derived from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, known for its ability to function at high temperatures. Certain substances can inhibit its activity, impacting the efficiency and outcome of the PCR process.

Cresol Red and Heparin are both known to have inhibitory effects on Taq polymerase. Cresol Red, a pH indicator dye, can interfere with enzyme activity at certain concentrations. Heparin, an anticoagulant, is known to bind to proteins, including enzymes, and can hinder the function of Taq polymerase.

While other substances mentioned may have varying effects on PCR, Cresol Red and Heparin are specifically documented as inhibitors of Taq polymerase, making this combination the correct response. Understanding the impact of these inhibitors is crucial for optimizing PCR conditions and ensuring successful amplification of target DNA.