Which dangers do personnel face when handling liquid nitrogen?

When handling liquid nitrogen, personnel primarily face the risks of frostbite and suffocation. Liquid nitrogen operates at extremely low temperatures, around -196 degrees Celsius (-321 degrees Fahrenheit). This can cause severe frostbite if it comes into direct contact with skin, leading to tissue damage that may require medical intervention.

In addition to frostbite, nitrogen is an asphyxiant. As liquid nitrogen vaporizes, it displaces oxygen in the air, potentially leading to suffocation, particularly in confined spaces where the nitrogen gas can accumulate. This poses a significant risk if proper ventilation is not maintained.

Understanding these dangers is critical for ensuring safety protocols are followed in laboratories or facilities where liquid nitrogen is used.