What is the proper final concentration of DMSO for freezing lymphocytes?

The proper final concentration of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) for freezing lymphocytes is 10%. This concentration is used because DMSO acts as a cryoprotectant, helping to prevent ice crystal formation within the cells during the freezing process. At a 10% concentration, DMSO effectively penetrates the lymphocytes, which enhances cell viability upon thawing by reducing cellular damage and maintaining membrane integrity.

Using a higher concentration of DMSO may lead to toxicity in the cells, causing detrimental effects on cell survival after thawing. Adequate research and practice guidelines support the use of 10% DMSO for cryopreservation, as it strikes a balance between effective cryoprotection and minimizing toxicity. This concentration has been established through numerous studies and is widely accepted in laboratory protocols for freezing various cell types, including lymphocytes.