What is the paramount question to consider when reviewing a table of allele frequencies published without explanatory material?

When evaluating a table of allele frequencies published without accompanying explanatory material, one of the most crucial aspects to consider is the number of samples analyzed and the specific populations from which those samples were derived. The sample size directly influences the reliability and validity of the frequency data; a larger sample generally leads to more accurate estimates of allele frequency. Additionally, the source populations are essential to understand the genetic diversity and specificity of the results. Different populations may exhibit varying allele frequencies due to historical, geographical, or environmental factors. Hence, knowing both the sample size and the demographic context enables better interpretation of the allele frequency data and its applicability to specific scenarios, such as transplantation compatibility or population genetics studies.

Other details, like the methods used for typing (such as SSP or SSOP) or whether the subjects were adults or children, are important in their own right but don’t provide the foundational information necessary to assess the quality and relevance of the allele frequency data as effectively as understanding the sample size and population context.